We’ve seen efflorescence on many old buildings over the years. But when we found it on a new Melbourne apartment just one year after it was built in 2023, we realised there’s a gap in understanding this issue in the Australian construction industry. That’s why we’ve written this blog post. We want to explain what efflorescence is, why it happens, and how to prevent it. Our goal is to help property owners and builders better understand and address this common problem.
Read about a real case of a leaking basement of a prestigious apartment building here.
The Science Behind Efflorescence
Efflorescence is the result of water-soluble salts surfacing on masonry or concrete. Its formation is contingent upon three factors:
- Presence of water-soluble salts within the masonry or concrete.
- Sufficient moisture to transport these salts.
- A pathway for this moisture to move and evaporate, leaving salt residues behind.
Efflorescence will not occur if one of these conditions is not present. Therefore, to prevent the formation of Efflorescence, it is simply required to control the three factors mentioned above.
Strategies to Prevent Efflorescence
The battle against Efflorescence starts with the materials used. Opting for low-alkali Portland cement, ensuring sand is clean and washed, and using potable, salt-free water can significantly reduce the potential for Efflorescence.
During construction, limiting water use to only what’s necessary for mortar and grout preparation is crucial. Excess moisture can seep into the masonry, catalysing Efflorescence. Implementing effective drainage systems can prevent water accumulation around the structure, further mitigating risk.
Additionally, achieving a denser grout through mechanical vibration can minimize voids in the material, making it harder for moisture and salts to navigate through the masonry.
Taking Action
Today’s construction practices and materials offer no excuse for Efflorescence in new structures. If you’re facing Efflorescence on your property and seek removal advice or further guidance, professional engineering services can provide the expertise needed to address this issue effectively.
Efflorescence isn’t just a cosmetic concern; it’s a sign of water movement within structures. Addressing it not only preserves the aesthetic appeal of a building but can also pre-empt more serious damage caused by unchecked moisture.
For detailed solutions and personalised advice on tackling Efflorescence in your building, reaching out to structural engineering experts can ensure your property remains beautiful and structurally sound.
Understanding Efflorescence: Key Points
- Efflorescence occurs when water-soluble salts surface on masonry or concrete.
- Three factors contribute: presence of salts, moisture, and a path for evaporation.
- It can appear in both old and new buildings, signalling potential moisture issues.
- Prevention starts with proper material selection and construction practices.
- Professional assessment can help address existing efflorescence and prevent future occurrences.
